My publications
Find here a selection of my recent work on the impact of generative AI on employment, occupational structures, and labour markets, alongside earlier research on multilateral funding and international development. Each entry includes a brief overview and a link to the full online version.
01
Generative AI and Jobs, 2025:
A refined index of occupational exposure
We surveyed over 1,600 workers in Poland about how AI could affect specific tasks in their jobs, and compared their views with insights from international experts. Using this data, we trained an AI model to estimate exposure levels across all occupations at the global level.
The results show that clerical and highly digital jobs are most exposed, with about one in four workers globally in roles likely to be affected. Women and workers in high-income countries are especially exposed. While few jobs are fully automatable, many will change — and understanding these shifts is essential for shaping fair and informed policy responses.
02
A new chapter for the ILO’s textual assets
Applying Generative AI to Labour Force Survey questionnaires
This work shows how AI can help transform existing textual resources into valuable digital assets for research, policy, and future innovation. We used AI tools to extract, digitize, and organize thousands of Labour Force Survey questions from complex forms, combining machine vision with human checks for accuracy. The result is a searchable database powered by AI, allowing users to quickly find and understand survey content across countries and years. We also built an interactive search app for ILO users and published the full process — including Python code — on GitHub.
03
Buffer or Bottleneck?
Generative AI and the Digital Divide in Latin America
Joint paper with the World Bank. We investigate how generative AI could affect jobs across Latin America. Using harmonized labour force and household survey data, we estimate GenAI exposure across countries and sectors, adjusting for differences in digital access and technology adoption. Our findings show that the digital divide remains a major barrier: nearly half of the jobs that could benefit from GenAI remain excluded due to limited access to digital tools in the workplace.
04
A Technological Construction of Society
Comparing GPT-4 and Human Respondents for Occupational Evaluation in the UK
In this paper, we compare how GPT-4 and humans evaluate occupations in the UK. Using large survey data covering 580 occupations and two key metrics — prestige and social value — we find strong overall alignment between GPT-4 and human assessments. However, the model tends to misjudge certain roles, especially emerging digital jobs and stigmatized or illicit occupations. We also show that GPT-4 consistently imitates majority opinions and struggles to reflect the views of minority groups. These findings highlight both the potential and limitations of using large language models in sociological and labour market research, with important implications for policy and inclusion in the future of work.
05
Generative AI and the media and culture industry
We explore how generative AI is reshaping jobs in the media and culture industry. GenAI is transforming creative processes in journalism, music, film, and beyond — not only how content is produced, but also who holds creative control. Some roles, like writing and translation, face high exposure to automation, while performance-based jobs remain largely human-centred. We highlight the growing demand for skills in AI tool management, ethics, and digital literacy, alongside traditional creative strengths. We also examine policy responses to ensure fair compensation, protect creative agency, and support workers through this transition.
06
Who cares about workers’ rights?
The effects of violations of trade unions’ rights on donors’ funding decisions in the ILO
I examine how respect for trade union rights influences donors’ aid decisions to the ILO. Using data on multi-bilateral contributions and labour rights indicators, I find no systematic link between the level of rights violations in a country and the volume of aid it receives. Still, many ILO-funded programmes in countries with the most severe violations focus on strengthening workers’ organizations. The paper raises important questions about how aid should be allocated in these contexts, and whether it should be more closely tied to international labour standards and oversight mechanisms.
07
Trade interests and UN funding
Commercial earmarking of multi-bi aid
A full-length book published as part of the Routledge series on international organizations. I examine how donor countries use earmarked aid within the UN system, and how commercial interests can influence funding decisions. Focusing on country-specific earmarking, the book traces how these patterns developed during the MDG era and explores their implications for the current SDG framework. While commercial motives are often viewed critically, I argue that their impact on multilateral development cooperation depends on the availability of flexible funding and the institutional autonomy of UN agencies. The book offers a structured and accessible introduction to the political economy of multi-bi aid and its role in global governance — particularly relevant in an era of renewed focus on national self-interest, trade-driven diplomacy, and declining development aid.
